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Binary Darboux transformation and multi-dark solitons for a higher-order nonlinear Schrödinger equation in the inhomogeneous optical fiber

Chong Yang,Xi-Yang Xie

Figure 5. Dark-three solitons via solutions (34) with the parameters: (a) n = 3, ς = 0, κ = 1, η = 0.5, λ₁ = 0.125, λ₂ = 0.5, λ₃ = 0.75,

${\rho }_{1}=\tfrac{1}{2}\left(\tfrac{1}{2}-\tfrac{3\sqrt{7}}{4}{\rm{i}}\right)$ ,

${\rho }_{2}=\tfrac{1}{2}\left(\tfrac{1}{2}-\tfrac{\sqrt{15}}{2}{\rm{i}}\right)$ ,

${\rho }_{3}=\tfrac{1}{2}\left(\tfrac{1}{2}-\sqrt{3}{\rm{i}}\right)$ , a(x) = 0.1, c(x) = 0.2 and f(x) = 0.1; (b) Parameters are the same as (a) except for a(x) = 0.7x.