Interplay of parallel electric field and trapped electrons in kappa-Maxwellian auroral plasma for EMEC instability
M Nazeer,M N S Qureshi,C Shen
Figure 4. Normalized growth rate versus normalized plasma frequency ${\omega }_{pe}/{{\rm{\Omega }}}_{e}$ for various values of ${E}_{o}$ = 0, 10, 20, 30, 40 mV m−1 with other parameters ${n}_{e}/n$ = 0.7, ${v}_{0}/c$ = 0.2, ${\theta }_{\parallel }/c={\theta }_{\perp }/c=0.1,$ ${\omega }_{pe}/{{\rm{\Omega }}}_{e}=0.8$ and $\kappa =2.$