Quantum coherence and ground-state phase transition in a four-chain Bose–Hubbard model

Ji-Guo Wang,Lin-Qi Guo,Ya-Fei Song

Figure 1. The ground-state phase diagrams are classified by the atomic number nΣ/N as a function of U and V, i.e., n1/N, n2/N and (n2 + n3)/N in (a)–(c), respectively, four types of ground-state phase are shown. The dotted lines in (c) are the analytical solutions of the minimization of equation (5).